Marine boiler



Aug- 17, 1943- J. P. BADENHAusEN l 2,327,161

v MARINE BOILER Filed April 24, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 i l 56'"\ i Aug17, 1943- .1. P. BADENHAUSEN 2,327,161

MARINE BOILER Filed April 24, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Aug. 17,1943 f UNITED STAT[ES""Y PATENT OFFICE u Maarsseonrzn n John PhillipsBadenhausen, Philadelphia 11a. sensation Apps .24, 1941.,..seria1 No.semis-v somme. gomez-41s;

,This invention relates@ merma boilers, In the marine boilers heretofore4 availalza'le and at present in use, the design of the `Jooiler issuchtiiat the boilers have an unnecessarily limited steam production, arewasteful or `space on the vby reason of their design ,and .require largoaisles', alleyways, and clearances withrespeot to adjoining boilers foroperating. The effective ,use of the spaceon the ship, `rlarticularlyonships new being built .andunder design, is a consideration of majorimportance and r`the marine boilers hereto-fore available did notsmeetthe requirements.

:inthe marine boilers heretofore employed, the location of the burnersor airing doors was suc-h thatilpon the entry of Water into tire boiierroom,

by reason of an outside explo-stoner thev like, a slight .ri-se in 4theWater leve wouldresult in extinguishing the lire in the boiler. 'Thefailure yof the lboilers Would'renderti'ie ship unable rto con- 1 tinuein operation. At this critical juncture the pumps would likewise discornbiiliie Grier-@1210@ Yhe cau-secr lack of steam. l A Y .It isAaccordirnli an `oi-"aiect er t-lige ypreferir, -in

vention to provide an improved marine beitel. which Will have a highersteam output for `space Vused and whicl'ifwiil permit of a reduction ofthe space allotted toeisles and aileyways.

. It is s. furtherrobjectfof `the;presentinvention :to provide a marineboiier having ai'iigkierrate of heatrelease than has heretofore beenobtanable. It is a further object of t'ne presentV invention to providea marine boiler which will have a greater measure of saety'urideradverse. @onclitions than heretofore.

Other objects of the inventionwll .appear y,from the annexed specication.and claims.

The nature and ,characteristic featuresof the invention will be morereadily understood irorn hereof, in which: s,

Figure 1 is a vertical central sectional View of a marine boiler inaccordance withgthe present invention; .i f:

2 .is a top or plan-view ofthe boiier shown inigl; l

Fig. 3 is aliorizontal` sectional View taken araproximately on the line3-3 of Fig. 1-; 1. ,Figrl is an enlarged :fragmentary `view tagenapproximately on 'the line 4-4 of :Fig:v f1 and showing the arrangement`of the wall tubes;

Fig. 5 is a irasmentafr :sectional View taken approximately on@Mimi55-*5.0i 1 Sho-Wing the arrangement or -cc-zidzainof the tubes to`provide a-screen; 1

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view taken `apprrimately on the linelli-f5. of Fig.. l and sho-Wingrthe arrangement of certain oi theQtuloesto provide a screen; i

Fig. 7 a fragmentary sectional ViewA taken ,approximately on the linelof VFigi and showing tine arrangement of vcertain' of tiietuloes .to:provide a screen.

It will, of .coursew be understoodtha't the 'de lscri-pt ion drawingsherein are illustrative .u ierely, and that various modifications .Y andmay be made in the structuredisclosed Without departing from the spiritof the invention.

' Referring more particularly'to die drawings in rwhich a preierredembodiment of a marine boiler accordance with the present invention isillustrated, an external casing lll .is provided preieraliily consistingof a bottom portion or oor .l i, a verticalwlall i2, a vertical'vvall'l,andver'ltical Walls Mend l5. The verticalwalls 1.2, 1B, i4, and l5 arepreferably secured to the bottom Wall li in` `duidtight .relationshipto' prevent access of Water into ,the interior of the easing ill)- Theparticular Ydisposition of-the boiler and casing A'within the hull willbe dependent upon the size "enddesigri of the ship, 1n 'some instancesthe walis l2 oi4 apair of 'boilers Vvfill'loe face to face, ,with aclearance therebetween of the order of two' reet while in others theWalls 43,155 or i5 will be similarly located. For purposes ofconvenience tide wall l2 will be :referred a front Wall and the otherWalls identied inY their relation to that iviall although `.it beunderstood that other Wallsmay, if desired, be arranged to occupy` afrontal position.V

. f 40 the following description,A taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings forming partY `The boiler proper is disposedWithin the cing lil and includes adjacent but vspaced from A`tlieWall'l'i a horizontal steam 'and water' drum 29.

The drum 255 is preierablyparallel to tiievxvail E3. A horizontal Waterdrum 2l is provided attire .bottom of the casing iii, isdisposedparallel toY the drum ZLand preferably 'is spaced from the Wall 13 a.greater distance than the drum 2%..'v

Lower water wall headers 22 are provided extending horizontally fromadjacent -tlie drum 2l toward the A.Wall l2 and at the bottom of thecasing lllalong the interior of each oi the v/alls I I4 and l5.Horizontal upper `Wall headers 23 are also provided above the Wallh`eaders'22v Vand Valong the interioriof of the Wallsl .and l5. The Wallheaders 23 are disposed adjacent the upper sidesof the wallsM and l5.VSide banks of tubes 35.

of tubes 25 are provided extending from the lower headers 22 to theupper headers 23, the tubes 25 being closely spaced and in contact toprovide i water drum Z9 by means of a plurality of banks A of tubespreferably as hereinafter pointed'out'.

The uppermost portion of the water drum 2l is preferably connected tothesteam and water drum 20 by a central bank of tubes 29 from side wallI4 to side wall I5, and substantially vertically for the greater portionof their extent. The tubes 29 up to the point S0 areclosely spaced andin Contact to provide a wall or baffle. The tubes 29 above the upperpart of the wall or baffle are alternately disposed out of the plane ofthe wall or baille as'illustrated at 3l, and in a manner similar to thetubes shown in Fig. '7.

A marginal bank of tubes 35 is provided from side wall I4 to side wallI5 and preferably extending from the mid-portion of the side of thewater drum 2I. The tubes 35 cf this bank extend first vsubstantiallyhorizontaliy and then upwardly and then to the steam and water drum 20,alternate tubes 35 being oifset as indicated at 36 (see Figs. 3 and '7)The tubes extend from the point 3l upwardly in alinement, the tubesl 35being closely spaced and in Contact to provide a wall or baille. Thespace between the centralbank of tubes 29 and the marginal bank of tubes35 and between the side wall I4 and the side wall I5 is preferablysubstantially lled with steam generating tubes 38 extending from thewater drum 2I to the upper steam and water drum 2E).` y

Another marginal bank of tubes 40 is provided, the tubes 40 from theside wall I4 to the side wall I5 extending substantially horizontallyfrom the water drum 2| at the mid-portionV of the Vside thereof andYthen vertically upward. The lower portions of the tubes 49 arealternately disposed in different vertical planes as at 4I (seei'Fig. 6)and the tubes 40 from the point 42 upwardly to the steam and water drum25 are disposed in alinement. Thertubes 40 from the point 42 upwardlyare preferably'closely spaced and in contact to provide a wall orYbaiile. The space between the central bank of tubes'ZS and' the marginalbank of tubes 40 and between the sidewall I4 and the side wall l5 issubstantially` lled with tubes 45 which extend from the lower watervdrum 2I to the upper steam andwater drum 20. The wall or baiiieconsistingv of the tubes 40 serves as one of the boundary walls of themain combustion space A, as hereinafter more fully referred to. f

An upward p-ass is thus provided between the marginal bank of tubes 40and the central bank of tubes 29 so that gases may pass around the`lowe11 end of the baille formed by the tubes 4) and upwardly and thenaroundfthe upper end of the wall or baffleformed by the'tubes 29 anddownwardly in a'downward Vpass between the central bank of tubes 29 andthe marginal bank A lower header 5I) is provided;y spaced'froin the wallI2, and an upper header 5I is providedpreferably'substantially'vertically above thel lower" between the bankof tubes' 62 header 56 and parallel thereto and to the drum 20. Thelower water drum 2I is connected to the lower header 50 by a bank ofiioor tubes 52 which are preferably closely spaced and in contact. Thelower header 55 is preferably connected to the upper header 5I by a bankof tubes 53, the lower portions 54 of which are disposed alternately inparallel planes (see Figs. 1 and 5). The tubes 53 from the point 55upwardly to the upper header 5I are preferably closely spaced and incontact to provide a wall or baille which serves as another boundaryWall for the main combustion space A. The upper header 5I is preferablyconnected to the upper steam and water drum 20 by a bank of top walltubes 5G, the tubes 56 being shaped for the purposes hereinafterreferred to. The top wall of the main combustion spaceA preferablyconsists of refractory material 5l disposed immediately labove andresting upon the tubes oi' the ybank of tubes 55 and is provided with aplurality of burner openings as hereinafter more fully referred to. YThe tubes 5S of the top wall bank are preferably shaped in such a manneras to avoid any obstruction of the burner openings.

The main combustion space A is thus bounded by the top wall bank oftubes 56, side banksof tubes 25, the bank of tubes 40, thebank of tubes53 and the floor bankv of tubes 52.

Burners 60, which may be of any desired type in accordancewith the fuelto be burned, are provided in the burner openings. The fuel employed ispreferably pulverized bituminous coal, although if desired oil may beemployed. The burners 6i! are preferably adjustable to vary the deliveryof fuel and air Aas desired.

An additional or auxiliary combustion chamber B is provided between theside banks of tubes '25, the bank of tubes 53 andthe casing wall I2.

A bank of closely spaced tubes 62 is provided which extends from thelower header 50, and has an upwardly inclined lower portion S3. Thetubes of this bank 62 extend substantially vertical and parallel to thewall I2 as at 64, and then, at approximately the level of the upperheader 5I,

extend substantially horizontal as at 65 and into Vber is thus boundedby the bank of tubes 62 which provide an inclined bottom wall 63, aAfront wall k64, anda top wall 65 and by the side banks of tubes 25. Thetop .wall portion 66 is provided with a plurality of burner openings inwhich suitable adjustable burners 68 are mounted, the burners 68 beingof any desired type in accordance with the fuel to be burned.

An outer top wall portion 10 is provided, is disposed parallel to thetop wall portions 51 and 66, respectively, and is spaced therefrom toYprovide a passageway for the supplying of 'air to the If desired, anair heating space II may be provided inthe space and the wall yI2 of thecasing I0.

The auxiliary combustion space B is preferably utilized for the primarypurpose of superheating the steam delivered from the steam and water Thesteam and water drum 20 is connected to the superheater header 'l5 bylmeans of suitable steam lines l5. -At the top of the casing wall l2 andparallel tothe superheater header 15 a superheater steam outlet headerIl is provided.

The superheater ubesconnecting thesuper.- heater header 'i0 tothesuperheater ou le?I header il preferably comprise a plurality ofspaced vsuperheater tubes which extend downwardly from the superheaterheaderand vertically in substantially parallel spaced relationship-tothe wallor baille as 'at 'i8 and then'at the lower" part thereof areinclined as at 'l toward and-connected into a superheater drainheader80. 'hefsuperheaterl dra-in header 8% lis disposed Yat thelower portionof the casing l!! along the-interior of the casing wall l2. A pluralityof 'superheate'rgtubes lll also extend from the superheater headerl d0upwardly, inside the wall orbaiile at t# in spaced Y relationshipthereto, to thesuperheatm outlet header T1. Y

In the space between the-.marginal bank of,

The modeof operation ci Ythe marine lboiler. of

the'present `invention will now be briefly pointed out. rwo distinctsets oi' conditions Vmust be met in normal operation. tion of the ship,a large and variable quantity oi steaniat predeterminedpressure'andsuperheated to the desired extent is required. For

reverse operation of the ship, alesser ouantity'of steam is required andthisis desired Without su perheating. Theseconditions areadeduately inetinthe. manner hereinafter referred to. f

For forward operating conditionsthe fuel is supplied to the burners S0forthe main ccrnbusM Vtion chamber A and to the burners for theauxiliaryy combustion' chamber E. The fuel supplied to the burners ilisburned in the combustionY space A between theside banks o1" tubes `25,the bank of tubes 53, the marginal bank oi tubes 4! and the iloor bankof tubes 52. ,The heat re'- leased by the combustion is effective forgenerat ing steam in the tubes surroimdingthe combus.-

tion space A. The burning gases pass downwardly in the main combustionspace A and from that space through the-screen atv 4I provided betweenthe offset tubes ci the marginal banlsoi tubes lit and then into theupward pass. in the upward pass, the hot gases of combustion in contactwith the tubes of the bank of tubes fiare also` eective, for generatingsteam. The gases then pass.

around the top of the wall or baule ofthe cenlor forward operatime,'thetubes at 02; the wall tubes at 53, and the side wall tubes'ZS absorbsome of the heat so that a relatively smaller quantity of Vsteam willbegenerated in the :walls of the additional combustion spaceB.Byreasonfof the nature of the walls .of the auxiliary combustion spaceB, there is no Vdanger of destruction thereof by the heat releasedwithin that space. ,The gases from the auxiliary combustionxspace B,passdownwardly within that, space and through the screen pro,- vided by theoffset `tube portions 54 and into the lower partei the main combustionspace A where theyrningle with the, gases of; combustion in that ,spaceand pass therefrom with the other gases for steam generationashereinbefore indicated.V

, it will Vbe noted that the: principal steamv generation is effectedwith the fuel supplied through iliary combustion space B with?` someadditional tral bank of tubes 20, and downwardly inl the downward passwhere additional heat is given up for the generation of `steam in the.tubes ,of the bank of; tubes St.v The gases then pass through thescreenprovided between the tubesat 56. The

gases then, pass upwardly, through the econo- Y in and the major portionof the` heat which is re' leased is utilized ior superheating the steamin the superheater tubes 18 and Bl. At the same steam generation in thewater rounding that space. Y, v.

In many marine installations, fit is not cus,- 'toniaryV to employsuperheated Asteam for cperat, ing the reversing engines. 'The marineboiler of thefpresentfinvention is particularly adapted for therapidchange in operating Conditions required cooled walls surforreversing since the burners maybe readily adjusted as desired, Forreversing Aconditions the burners @dare shut off. The steam Ywillfbedelivered as before from the steam and water drum 2@ through thesuperneater tubes i8 and i ci without the aaneen 0f any-substantialquantity` of heat thereto in the auxiliary combustion space B1 ,Sincethe burners SS have been shutoff. At thesarne time, .the superheatertubes lllY and 8l .are protectedirom overheating by the steambassinstherethrough.V ,Y i

When forward, operationis again desired, the our-nersl may be` startedupiand within a v er-y short interval of time, the desired output ofsuperheated steam will .be'availabla As illustrative-of theA lcompactand highly ef; fective characteroi` the marine boiler ofjthe'pres- .entinvention, it` may be pointed out thatthe hour ata pressure, of 600pounds and a temper-V lhe ature of, 85,0o Fahrenheit will beavailable.heat release may range as high as 500,000 B. t. u. per hour per vcubicfoot of furnace volume, vand 1,200,000.13; Vt. u. per hour per squarefoot of radiant heat absorbing sur-face, if desired, At the same time.,the steam temperature and quantity may Ybe'rreadily varied as reqliledforv reversing 0perations. f

rlclaiin; n. y l. Ina marine boiler, two combustion cham- ,bes, steamand. waterdrum, a lower header. an

upper header above-said lower header and connected to said drum,fcloselyspaced contacting vertical water tubes connecting said headersand lor-ming a, common wall between said two combustion chambers, saidtubes having portions oi'set from said wall ior the discharge of gasesof combustion from one chamber into the other chamber, a bank oi tubesconnecting said lower header and said upper header, the tubes of saidbank extending forwardly from said lower header to provide a lower walland upwardlyto provide a vertical wallfor one of said combustionchambers, additional steam .generating tubes lining other walls of saidcombustion chambers and Vconnected to said drum, supe'rheater tubes inone of said chambers exposed Yto the radiant heat of the burning fuel insaid chamber, and separate fuel and air supplying means in the upper.portions of each of said chambers.

2. In a marine boiler, a casing, two combustion chambers within saidcasing each having a horizontal top wall, a lower header, an upperheader-above saidlower header and connected to said drum, closely spacedcontacting vertical wa-v ter tubes connecting said headers and forming acommon wall for said two combustion chambers, said common wallihavingportions Vopen for the discharge ofl gases of combustion from onechamber into the other chamber, a bank of tubes connecting said lowerheader and said upper header, theV tubes of said bank extendingforwardly from said lower header to provide a lower wall then upwardlyto provide a vertical front wall Yand then rearwardly to provide a topwall for 'one Yof said combustion chambers, superheater tubes inone ofsaid chambers exposed to the radiant heat of the burning fuel in saidchamber, and separate fuel and air supplying means in the top wall ofeach of said chambers. Y

3. A marine boiler including a casing having a bottom wall with verticalside walls and open at the top, an upper steam and water drum adjacentone of the side walls, a lower water drum below said upper drum andparallel thereto, steam gen- Aand water drumand connected thereto by aplurality of tubes extendingalong the top-of a first combustion chamber,a lower header parallel to and below -said upper header, closely spacedcontacting verticaltubes connecting said headers and providing a frontboundary wall for therst combustion chamber, closely spaced tubesextending from the lower header to the lower drum and `providing a lowerboundary` wall for the cornl'iustiony chamber, upper and'lower side wallheaders arranged along each-of a pair of 0pposed vertical side walls,closely spaced tubes respectively connecting the lower and upper headersof each side and providing boundary walls for the respective sides ofthe said combustion chamber, the top of the combustion chamber beingprovided with fuel inlet means for supplying fuel and air downwardlyinto said combustion space, a second combustion chamber within saidcasing, a Ybank of tubes extending from said lower header to said upperheader and providing a frontv wall for said second combustion chamber,one'of the' wallsl of said second combustionchamber consisting of thefront wall of said rst combustion chamber, fuel inlet means in the topwall of said second combustion cham- 4to the radiant heatkof the'burningfuel in said chamben 4. A marine boiler including an upper steam andwater drumfa lower water drum below said upper drum and parallelthereto, banks of steam generating tubes extending between said drums,an upper header parallel to and spaced from said steam and water drum, alower header parallel to and below said upper header, closely spacedcontacting vertical tubes connecting said headers and providing a frontboundary wall for a first combustion chamber, closeiy spaced tubesextending from the lower header to the lower drum andrproviding a lowerboundary wall for said combustion chamber, upper andlower side wallheaders arranged along each of a pair of opposed side wall portions,closely spaced tubes respectively connecting the lower and upper sidewall headers and providing boundanyvwallsl for the respective sides ofsaid combustion chamber, atop wall portion provided with yfuel inletmeans for supplying fuel and air downwardly into said combustionchamber, a second combustion chamber within said casing, a bank of tubesextending from said lower header to said upper header and providing apluralityv of walls for said second combustion chamber, the front wallof said first combustion'chamber constituting the rear wall of saidsecond combustion chamber and having portionsrshaped to providecommuni'cationv be- Jtween said chamberafuel inlet means for supplyingfuel and air downwardly into the second combustion chamber, andsuperhcater tubes in said second combustion chamber exposed to the'radiant heat of the burning fuel in said chamber.

5. A marine boiler including a casing having a horizontal bottom walland Vertical side walls secured thereto, an upper steam and water druinadjacent the rear side wall, a lower water drum below said drum andparallel thereto, steam generating tubes extending between said drums,an upper header parallel to and spaced from said steam and water drum, alower header parallel to and below said upper header, closely spacedcontacting vertical tubes connecting said headers and providing a'frontboundary wall for a first combustion chamber, closely spaced horizontaltubes extending from the lower header to the lower drum and providing alower boundary wall' for saidcombustio'n chamber, upper and lower sidewall headers arranged along each of `a pair of opposed vertical sidewalls, banks of closely spaced vertical tubes respectively connectingthe lower and upper side wall headers and providing boundary walls forthe respective 'sides of said combustion chamber, a top wall portionprovided with fuel inlet means for supplying fuel and air Adownwardlyinto said combustionchamber, a second combustion chamber within saidcasing, the tubesof the front boundary wall of the first combustionchamber providing a rear boundary wall of said second combustionchamber, a bank of tubes extending from said lower header to said upperheader and providing a bottom, front and top wall for said secondcombustion chamber, fuei inlet means in the top wall of said secondcombustion chamber for supplying fuel andrair downwardly into the secondchamber, and superheater tubes insaid second combustion chamber exposedto the radiant heat of the burning fuel in said chamber.

JOHN PHILLIPS BADENHAUSEN.

